2021新版人教版選修三英語全部課文原文翻譯.doc

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1、2019 新人教高中英語 選修三 全部課文原文與翻譯 1 Unit One ART Love of beauty is taste. 愛美是一種品味， The creation of beauty is art. 而創造美則是一種藝術。 -Ralph Waldo Emerson Reading and Thinking A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTNG 西方繪畫藝術簡史西方繪畫藝術簡史 What is Western art? It is hard to give a precise definition. As there have been so man

2、y different styles of Western art, it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. 什么是西方藝術?很難給出一個精確的定義。由于西方的藝術風格多種多樣，在短短的一篇課文里不 可能進行全面的描述。也許了解西方藝術的最好方法就是看看幾個世紀以來西方繪畫的發展。 The Mi

3、ddle Ages (from the 5th to the 15th century) 中世紀(5 世紀到 15 世紀) During the Middle Ages, the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity. Thus, artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes. Their works were often primitive and two-dimensional, and the main characters were

4、often made much larger than everyone else to show their importance. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (1267-1337). While his paintings still had religious themes, they showed real people in a real environment. In particular, his paintings are set apart from other painti

5、ngs by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 在中世紀，西方藝術的目的是向人們傳授基督教。因此，藝術家對寫實場景不感興趣。他們的作品通 常較為粗糙且二維化，主體人物通常比其他人物大得多，以顯示他們的重要性。這種情況在 13 世紀時因 喬托迪邦多納(1267-1337)而開始改變。盡管他的畫仍然帶有宗教主題，但它們展示的是真實的環境中 的真實人物。尤其是他的畫作，因其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情感沖擊而從其他畫作中脫穎而出。 The Renaissance (from the 14th to the 17th centur

6、y)文藝復興時期(14 世紀到 17 世紀) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result, painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this period was the use of perspective by Masaccio(1401-

7、1428) Influential painters such as Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519), Michelangelo (1475-1564) and Raphael (1483-1520) built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. 新的思想和價值觀逐漸取代了中世紀的思想和價值觀。因此，畫家較少關注宗教主題。他們開始采取 一種更人性化的生活態度。這一時期的個重要突破是馬薩喬(1401-1

8、428)對透視法的運用。一些頗具影響力 的畫家，例如昂納多達芬奇、米開朗琪羅和拉斐爾，在喬托和馬薩喬的創新基礎上繼續發展，創造出歐 洲前所未見的一些最偉大的藝術作品。 Another innovation was the use of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism, some of the best oil paintings look like photographs. While painters as early as Da Vinci had used oil, this technique reached its he

9、ight with Rembrandt (1606-1669), who gained a reputation as a master of shadow and light 2019 新人教高中英語 選修三 全部課文原文與翻譯 2 另一個創新是油畫顏料的使用。由于其深沉的色彩和現實主義風格,一些最好的油畫看上去就像是照 片。盡管早在達芬奇時代一些畫家就使用油彩繪畫，但倫勃朗使得這種技藝達到頂峰，他擁有“光影大 師”的雅稱。 In subject matter, the emphasis increasingly shifted from religious themes to people

10、 and the world around us. Kings, nobles, and people of high rank wanted to purchase accurate pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical events or stories from mythology. Finally, most clients wanted paintings that were beautiful and interes

11、ting to look at. 在題材上，重點逐漸從宗教主題轉移到人和我們周圍的世界。國王、貴族和上流社會人士都想購買自 己和所愛之人的準確照片。其他人則想要展示重要歷史事件或神話故事的畫作。最后，大多數客戶都想要 看起來美麗有趣的畫作。 Impressionism( late 19th to early 20th century) 印象派時期(19 世紀后期到 20 世紀初期 The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid-19th century. After that

12、, paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. Hence, painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this, Impressionism emerged in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet 1840-1926) called Impression, Sunrise.

13、In this work, Monets aim was to convey the light and movement in the scenethe subjective impression the scene gave himbut not a detailed record of the scene itself. 直到 19 世紀中葉攝影術發明之前，西方藝術的發展緩慢。在那之后，不再需要繪畫來保存人和世界 的面貌了。因此，畫家們不得不尋找一種新的方式來看待他們的藝術。由此，印象派在法國應運而生。這 個新運動的名字來源于克勞德莫奈(1840-1926)的一幅名為印象日出的畫作。在這

14、幅作品中，莫奈想 傳達場景中的光線和運動場景給他的主觀印象而不是場景本身的詳細記錄。 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life, others, such as Renoir (1841-1919), focused on people. Unlike the cold, black-and-white photographs of that time period, Renoirs paintings are full of light, shadow, colour, and life. He soug

15、ht to show not just the outer image of his subjects, but their inner warmth and humanity as well. 雖然許多印象派畫家描繪了自然或日常生活場景，但其他畫家，如雷諾阿(1841-1919 年)則以人物為關 注對象。雷諾阿的畫作與那個時代冷淡的黑白照片不同，充滿了光、影、色彩和生命。他不僅試圖展示他 筆下人物的外在形象，而且還展示他們內心的溫暖和人性。 Modern Art(from the 20th century to today)現代藝術(20 世紀至今) After Impressionism.

16、 subsequent artists began to ask. What do we do next? Painters such as Picasso (1881-1973) tried to analyse the shapes which existed in the natural world but in a new way, with Cubism. Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality. Still others turned to abstract art. What they atte

17、mpted to do was no longer show reality, but instead to ask the question, What is art? 在印象派之后，后來的藝術家開始問“下一步我們該做什么?” 像畢加索(1881-1973)這樣的畫家試圖用 一種新的方法立體主義來分析自然界中存在的形狀。其他人則賦予他們的畫中一種寫實但又像夢一樣 的品質特征。 還有一些人轉向抽象藝術。 他們試圖做的不再是展示現實， 而是提出一個問題 “什么是藝術?” 2019 新人教高中英語 選修三 全部課文原文與翻譯 3 Using Language ANCIENT CHINNESEART

18、ON SHOW 中國古代藝術展覽 The Richfield Museum of Fine Art is proud to present our new exhibition, “From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages.” Join us as we explore more than 3,000 years of wonderful art from the Middle Kingdom. From bronze bowls to ceramic vases, and jade sculptures to ink wash pain

19、tings our goal is to display the Chinese artistic genius from ancient times 瑞奇菲爾德美術博物館很榮幸地推出我們的新展覽一從商到清:中國藝術千古流傳” 。加入我們，一起 探索來自“中央王國” 3000 多年的精彩紛呈的藝術吧。從青銅碗到陶瓷花瓶，從玉雕到水墨畫，我們的 目標是展示中國古代的藝術天賦。 The highlight of this exhibition is the painting Clearing After Snow on a Mountain Pass, one of the great works

20、 of Tang Yin (1470-1524). Born during the Ming Dynasty, Tang sought and failed to gain entry into the civil service, so he turned to painting instead. In time, he gained recognition as one of the greatest artists China has ever known. This painting, showing high mountains, trees, and houses covered

21、in snow, was made with extraordinary skill. Though it is over 500 years old, it looks as fresh and full of life as the day it was created. 此次展覽的重頭戲是唐寅(1470-1524)的巨作之函關雪霽圖 。唐寅出生于明朝，但未能進入文職隊 伍，因此他轉而從事繪畫。隨著時間的推移，他被公認為中國有史以來最偉大的藝術家之一。這幅畫作運 用非凡的技巧，展現了高山、樹木和被雪覆蓋的房屋。雖然它已經有 500 多年的歷史了，但它看起來與它 創建之日時一樣清新、充滿生機

22、。 Also of primary note is a collection of nearly 100 bronze objects from the Shang Dynasty (1600 BCE-1046 BCE). While the artists who made these great works are not known, they showed great skill in creating these beautiful pieces. Some of the items on display are thought to have come from the colle

23、ction of Emperor Qianlong(1711-1799), a great admirer of Shang Dynasty bronze 同樣十分重要的(看點)是一組近百件商代(公元 1600 年公元前 1046 年)青銅器品。 雖然創作這些偉大 作品的藝術家并不為人所知，但他們在創造這些精美作品時展現了高超的技巧。部分展品被認為是來自對 商朝青銅器大為贊賞的乾隆皇帝(1711-1799 年)的收藏品。 Finally, we have many fine examples of Tang Dynasty(618-907)sculptures. Most of these a

24、re of Buddhist origin. Even though Buddhism entered China much earlier, it did not really begin to show expansion until the seventh century. During this same period, trade along the Silk Road also boomed. Chinese sculpture thus found itself highly influenced by Buddhist art brought from India and Ce

25、ntral Asia through the Silk Road. These works were intended to spread Buddhism and they are of exceptional beauty and quality. Looking at the faces of the figures in these sculptures, one sees the faces of the past. History is brought to life. 最后，我們有許多唐代(618-907)雕塑精品。其中大多數作品與佛教的起源有關。盡管佛教進入中國的 時間要早得多

26、，但直到公元 7 世紀才真正開始傳播。在同一時期，絲綢之路的貿易也蓬勃發展。因此，中 國雕塑受到通過絲綢之路從印度和中亞傳來的佛教藝術的極大影啊。這些作品旨在傳播佛教，具有非凡的 美感和品質?？粗@些雕塑中人物的面孔，您會看到過去時代的面孔，歷史栩栩如生。 This is just a small taste of what is in store for you in this exhibition. We guarantee that From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages will transport you to another

27、 time with its amazing collection of works. 2019 新人教高中英語 選修三 全部課文原文與翻譯 4 以上只是讓你稍微感受下你將在本次展覽看到什么。我們保證“從商到清:中國歷代藝術”將以其驚人 的收藏品將您帶到另一個時代。 From Shang to Qing: Chinese Art Through the Ages will run until November 25. “從商到清: 中國歷代藝術”將持續到 11 月 25 日。 Opening hours are from 9: 00 a.m. to 5: 00 p. m, from Tuesd

28、ay to Sunday ( the museum is closed on Mondays). No one will be admitted into the exhibition after 4: 30 p. m. 開放時間為周二至周日上午九時至下午五時(博物館逢星期一閉館)。展覽下午 4:30 后停止入館。 Admission: $10 for adults; $8 for students; $5 for children under 12; free for children under 5. 門票:成人 10 美元;學生 8 美元;十歲以下的兒童 5 美元;5 歲以下兒童免費入場

29、。 No photos or food and drink are allowed in the museum. 博物館內禁止拍照、攜帶食物和飼料。 Reading and Writing THE STARRY NIGHT 星夜 Perhaps my favourite painting is The Starry Night, by Vincent van Gogh(1853-1 890). Born in the Netherlands, Van Gogh had always been interested in art, and tried to live as a professio

30、nal painter starting from 1883. His early work was dark and sad, so in 1886 Van Goghs brother Theo invited him to come to live in Paris 也許我最喜歡的畫是文森特-梵高（1853-1890）的星夜 。梵高出生于荷蘭，一直對藝術很感興趣， 從 1883 年開始嘗試以職業畫家的身份生活。他早期的作品是黑暗和悲傷的，所以 1886 年梵高的哥哥提奧 邀請他來巴黎生活。 Theo hoped that the bright colours of the Impressi

31、onist movement there would influence his work. Van Gogh moved to the south of France in 1888. Later that year, he suffered a mental collapse and went to live in a hospital. He made more than twenty paintings of the view from his hospital window, during all times of the day and all kinds of weather.

32、However, he only made one painting of the scene at night. As Van Gogh wrote to his brother Theo in June, 1889, “This morning I saw the countryside from my window a long time before sunrise, with nothing but the morning star, which looked very big.” The morning star Van Gogh referred to was actually

33、the planet Venus. Van Gogh had longed to paint a night scene, and the sight of Venus inspired him 提奧希望那里的印象派運動的明亮色彩能影響他的作品。 1888 年， 梵高搬到法國南部。 同年晚些時候， 他精神崩潰，住進了醫院。他畫了二十多幅畫，畫的都是醫院窗外的景色，在一天中的任何時候，任何天 氣。然而，他只畫了一幅夜景的畫。正如梵高在 1889 年 6 月寫給弟弟提奧的信中所說：今天早上，我在 日出前很久就從窗口看到了鄉村，除了晨星，什么都沒有，晨星看起來非常大。 梵高所說的 晨星 其 實是金星

34、。梵高一直渴望畫一幅夜景，而金星的景象給了他靈感. On the left side of The Starry Night, there is a large tree which shoots up from the ground like a dark fire. It reaches all the way to the top of the painting. In the background are rolling hills, with a small village in a valley. In the centre of the village is a white ch

35、urch. Its tower points up into the sky like a sharp knife. Here and there you 2019 新人教高中英語 選修三 全部課文原文與翻譯 5 can see houses with windows shining with yellow light. Above all this is dark blue sky. A quarter moon fills the top-right corner of the painting with yellow. Venus sits low near the tree. It b

36、urns with white light. Here and there in the sky above Venus are yellow, orange, and red stars. Around these are lines of pure paint in different shades of blue, yellow and white. They flow out of control, like river rapids. 在星夜的左側，有一棵大樹，它像一團黑火一樣從地面射出。它一直延伸到畫的頂端。背景是連 綿起伏的群山， 山谷里有一個小村莊。 村子的中心是一座白色的教堂

37、。 它的塔樓像一把尖刀一樣指向天空。 在這里和那里，你可以看到房屋的窗戶閃著黃色的光。在這一切之上，是深藍色的天空。一輪四分之一的 月亮在畫的右上角充滿了黃色。金星低低地坐在樹旁。它燃燒著白色的光。在金星上方的天空中，這里和 那里是黃色、橙色和紅色的星星。在這些周圍是藍色、黃色和白色不同色調的純顏料線條。它們不受控制 地流動著，就像河流的激流。 The Starry Night is not a realistic panting of the scene Van Gogh saw out of his window. For example in real life there is no

38、village in that valley. However, perhaps the painting shows the deeper reality of what Van Gogh could see with his minds eye. Though the scene is dark and quiet, the painting is full of light and life. It gives us a look, perhaps, into the complex mind and genius of Van Gogh. 星夜并不是梵高看到的窗外的真實景象。比如在現實

39、生活中，那個山谷里并沒有村莊。然而，也 許這幅畫表現了梵高用他的心靈之眼所能看到的更深層次的現實。雖然畫面黑暗而安靜，但畫中卻充滿了 光明和生命。它也許能讓我們一窺梵高復雜的思想和天才。 Unit Two Healthy Lifestyle 第二單元健康的生活方式 The greatest wealth is health. Virgil 健康是最大的財富。 Reading and Thinking HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE 健康的生活方式需養成的習慣 As teenagers grow up, they become more independent an

40、d start making their own decisions. However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits. These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead

41、 to physical and mental health problems. To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenagers life is essential. They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes. 在成長過程中，青少年會變得越來越獨立，并且開始自己做決定。然而，在這一時期，他們中的一部 分人容易養成不良習慣。如果任其發展，在他們長大成人后，這些不良習慣可能會導致更為嚴重的有害習 慣。例如，一些

42、青少年可能吸煙成癮或酗酒，造成身心健康問題。防止此類有害習慣主宰青少年的生活是 至關重要的。他們必須學會早早認清不良習慣并作出適當的改變。 To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts. There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle: We are what we repeatedly do. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made. We make a ch

43、oice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change, if we understand how habits work 改變不良習慣從來都不是一件容易的事情，即使你三番五次地嘗試。有句基于亞里士多德哲學的名 2019 新人教高中英語 選修三 全部課文原文與翻譯 6 言:“我們反復做

44、的事情造就了我們?！睆暮芏喾矫婵?，我們的生活方式是我們所作出的選擇的總和。我們選 擇做某件事，接著我們反反復復地做這件事。不久之后，這項選擇就變得自然而然，成為一種更加難以改 變的習慣。好消息是，如果我們了解習慣是怎么運作的，我們就可以作出改變。 According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the habit cycle, which works like this：根據 現代心理學，我們必須首先了解“習慣循環”，其工作原理如下: Firstly， there is a “cue” , an action， event，o

45、r situation that acts as a signal to do something. 第一是“觸發因素”，即一個行動、事件或狀況，充當要做某事的訊號。 Secondly, there is a routine, the regular action you take in response to the cue. 第二是“慣常行為”，即你響應觸發因素而采取的常規行動。 Thirdly, there is the reward, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. 第三是“回報”，即我們從慣常行為中獲得的美好事物或

46、感受。 For example, when we feel unhappy (cue), we eat lots of unhealthy snacks (routine) which makes us feel happy (reward). The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed 例如，當我們感到不高興時(觸發因素)，我們會吃很多不健康零食(慣常行為)，這讓我們感到快樂(回 報)。這一回報使我們

47、更有可能繼續這一循環，從而形成了依賴不健康零食這不良習慣 To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try adapt them. We can do this by combining the information from our habit cycles with our own positive ideas. For example, we could try to replace a negative routine w

48、ith something more positive. So, when we feel unhappy again (cue), rather than eat snacks, we could listen to some of our favourite music instead (routine) which will make us feel relaxed (reward). Aside from changing bad habits, we can also use the habit cycle to create good habits. For example, wh

49、en we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but we could change this routine into something more positive by taking the stairs instead. 為了促進我們不良習慣的積極改變，我們必須首先審視我們的不良習慣循環，然后嘗試去改變它們。 為了做到這一點，我們可以把來自我們不良習慣循環的信息與我們自己的積極想法結合起來。例如，我們 可以試著將一個消極的慣常行為替換為一個更積極的東西。因此，當我們再次感到不高興時(觸發因素)，

50、我們可以聽幾首自己最喜愛的音樂(慣常行為)，而不是吃零食，這會使我們感到放松(回報)。除了改變不良 習慣之外，我們還可以利用習慣循環來養成良好的習慣。例如，當我們走到電梯前的時候(觸發因素)，我 們的慣常行為是乘坐電梯，但是我們可以改為走樓梯，從而將上述慣常行為改變為一個更積極的事情。 Many of us try to change bad habits quickly, and if we are not successful straight away we often become pessimistic and give up. In fact, the most successfu